Understanding Bone Density and Bone Loss

Bone health plays a critical role in maintaining strength, mobility, and independence as we age. Two common conditions that affect bone density are osteopenia and osteoporosis. While they are related, they are not the same, and understanding the difference can help you take proactive steps to protect your bones.

At Orthopaedic Specialty Group, our doctors help patients throughout Connecticut diagnose, manage, and treat bone density conditions before they lead to serious fractures or long-term complications.

What Is Osteopenia?

Osteopenia is a condition characterized by lower-than-normal bone density, but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.

Think of osteopenia as an early warning sign. Your bones are beginning to weaken, but they are not yet fragile. Many people with osteopenia do not experience symptoms, which is why bone density testing is so necessary, especially for adults over 50 and postmenopausal women.

Common Risk Factors for Osteopenia:

• Aging
• Hormonal changes (especially after menopause)
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Low calcium or vitamin D intake
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Smoking or excessive alcohol use
  

With early detection, osteopenia can often be managed with lifestyle changes and preventive care.

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a more advanced stage of bone loss. Bones become weak, brittle, and more likely to fracture, even from minor falls or simple movements.

Osteoporosis is sometimes called a “silent disease” because many people do not know they have it until they experience a fracture, commonly in the hip, spine, or wrist.

Signs and Complications May Include:

• Frequent fractures
• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture
• Back pain caused by spinal fractures
  

Because osteoporosis significantly increases fracture risk, early diagnosis and treatment are critical.

How Are Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Diagnosed?

Both osteopenia and osteoporosis are diagnosed using a bone density scan (DEXA scan). This painless test measures bone mineral density and produces a T-score:

• Normal: T-score of -1.0 or above
  Osteopenia: T-score between -1.0 and -2.5
• Osteoporosis: T-score of -2.5 or lower
  

If you are over 50, postmenopausal, or have risk factors for bone loss, your physician may recommend screening.

Treatment and Prevention Options for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

The good news is that both conditions can be managed, and progression can often be slowed or prevented.

Lifestyle Strategies:

• Increase calcium and vitamin D intake
• Engage in weight-bearing and strength-training exercises
• Avoid smoking
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Maintain a healthy body weight

Medical Treatment:

For osteoporosis, physicians may recommend prescription medications to strengthen bone and reduce fracture risk. Treatment plans are individualized based on age, risk factors, and overall health.

At Orthopaedic Specialty Group, our team works closely with patients to develop comprehensive bone health strategies that support long-term mobility and safety.

Protect Your Bone Health with Orthopaedic Specialty Group

Strong bones are the foundation of an active life. Whether you’ve been diagnosed with osteopenia, osteoporosis, or simply want to understand your risk, Orthopaedic Specialty Group provides expert evaluation and personalized care throughout Connecticut. 

Taking action today can help prevent fractures tomorrow. Contact us today to schedule an appointment with our Connecticut orthopaedic experts.